Powers not stated in the Constitution but necessary to carry out other express powers are known as what?

• A. Supremacy clause
• B. Doctrine of implied powers
• C. Enumerated powers
• D. Reserved powers

Answer: (B)

Implied powers are powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but needed to carry out the express powers. They come from the Necessary and Proper Clause, which allows Congress to enact laws essential for executing its enumerated powers. For example, while taxing and regulating commerce are listed powers, creating a national bank was justified as a means to effectively carry those out. The Supremacy Clause sets federal law above state law; Enumerated powers are the powers actually listed; Reserved powers are held by the states. So the doctrine of implied powers best fits the description.