What describes the power of two or more courts to hear a case concurrently?

• A. ADR
• B. Concurrent jurisdiction
• C. Pleadings
• D. Removal

Answer: (B)

Concurrent jurisdiction describes the situation where more than one court has the power to hear the same case at the same time. This happens when both the state and federal systems—often—have subject‑matter and personal jurisdiction over the dispute, so the case could be filed in either court. This idea explains why parties sometimes have a choice of forum and why removal to federal court can be used to shift the case within that overlapping authority. The other terms refer to different concepts: ADR is dispute resolution outside the courts; pleadings are the initial filings that outline claims and defenses; removal is the act of moving a case from state to federal court, not the coexistence of multiple courts with authority.